1. Nchịkọta nke Usoro nkewa Adsorption
Adsorption pụtara na mgbe mmiri (gas ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri) na kọntaktị na ihe siri ike porous, a na-ebufe otu ma ọ bụ karịa n'ime mmiri ahụ n'elu elu nke porous ihe na n'ime elu nke micropores iji mee ka ndị a dịkwuo mma. na-etolite a monomolecular oyi akwa ma ọ bụ multimolecules oyi akwa usoro.
A na-akpọ mmiri mmiri ahụ a na-akpọsa adsorbate, a na-akpọkwa ihe ndị ahụ siri ike na-asọ oyi n'onwe ha adsorbent.
N'ihi ihe dị iche iche nke anụ ahụ na nke kemịkal nke adsorbate na adsorbent, ikike mgbasa ozi nke adsorbent maka mgbasa ozi dị iche iche dịkwa iche.Na elu adsorption selectivity, akụkụ nke adsorption oge na absorption oge nwere ike ịba ọgaranya, ka e wee ghọta nkewa nke ihe.
2. Adsorption / desorption usoro
Usoro mgbasa ozi: Enwere ike iwere ya dị ka usoro ntinye uche ma ọ bụ dịka usoro nke liquefaction.Ya mere, ka okpomọkụ dị ala na nrụgide dị elu, otú ahụ ka ikike mgbasa ozi dịkwuo ukwuu.Maka adsorbents niile, gas ndị na-adị mfe liquefied (ebe na-esi esi elu) na-agbasawanye, na ikuku ndị na-esighị ike (ebe na-esi esi ala) na-adaba ala.
Usoro nkwụsịtụ: Enwere ike iwere ya dị ka usoro nke gasification ma ọ bụ volatility.Ya mere, ka okpomọkụ dị elu na nrụgide dị ala, otú ahụ ka ọ ga-esiwanye ike.Maka sorbents niile, gas na-esiwanye ike (ebe na-esi esi elu) na-adị obere ka ọ na-agbaze, na obere gas na-esi ísì ụtọ na-adịkwa mfe desorbed.
3. Ụkpụrụ nke nkewa adsorption na nhazi ya
A na-ekewa mgbasa ozi na mgbasa ozi anụ ahụ na mgbasa ozi kemịkal.
Ụkpụrụ nke nkewa adsorption anụ ahụ: A na-enweta nkewa site na iji ọdịiche dị na ike mgbasa ozi (van der Waals force, electrostatic force) n'etiti atọm ma ọ bụ otu dị n'elu elu siri ike na ụmụ irighiri ihe mba ọzọ.Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ike mgbasa ozi jikọtara ya na njirimara nke ma adsorbent na adsorbate.
Ụkpụrụ nke kemịkalụ mgbasa ozi nke kemịkalụ na-adabere na usoro mgbasa ozi nke mmeghachi omume kemịkal na-eme n'elu ihe nkedo siri ike iji jikọta adsorbate na adsorbent na njikọ kemịkalụ, ya mere nhọrọ ahụ siri ike.Chemisorption na-adịkarị nwayọ, ọ nwere ike mepụta naanị monolayer na enweghị ike ịtụgharị ya.
4. Ụdị adsorbent nkịtị
Adsorbents ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere: sieves molecular, carbon arụ ọrụ, gel silica, na alumina arụ ọrụ.
Sive Molecular: Ọ nwere nhazi ọwa microporous oge niile, nwere akụkụ elu nke ihe dịka 500-1000m²/g, ọkachasị micropores, na nkesa pore dị n'etiti 0.4-1nm.Enwere ike gbanwee njirimara adsorption nke sieves molecular site n'ịgbanwe nhazi nke sieve molecular, mejupụtara na ụdị counter cations.Sives molekụla na-adabere na njiri mara pore nhazi yana mpaghara ike Coulomb n'etiti cation ziri ezi na usoro sieve molecular iji mepụta mgbasa ozi.Ha nwere ezigbo okpomọkụ na nkwụsi ike nke hydrothermal ma na-ejikarị eme ihe na nkewa na ịdị ọcha nke gas na mmiri mmiri dị iche iche.Adsorbent nwere njirimara nke nhọrọ siri ike, omimi mgbasa ozi dị elu na nnukwu ikike mgbasa ozi mgbe ejiri ya;
Carbon arụ ọrụ: Ọ nwere micropore bara ụba na usoro mesopore, mpaghara elu ahụ akọwapụtara bụ ihe dịka 500-1000m² / g, na nkesa nha pore bụ nke kachasị na 2-50nm.Carbon arụ ọrụ na-adabere na ike van der Waals nke adsorbate na-emepụta iji mepụta mgbasa ozi, a na-ejikwa ya maka mgbasa ozi nke ogige organic, nnukwu hydrocarbon organic matter adsorption na mwepụ, deodorant, wdg;
Silica gel: Ebe a kapịrị ọnụ nke silica gel-based adsorbents bụ ihe dịka 300-500m²/g, ọkachasị mesoporous, nke nwere oke nkesa nke 2-50nm, na ime elu nke pores bara ụba na otu hydroxyl elu.A na-ejikarị ya maka ihicha mgbasa ozi na nrụgide swing adsorption iji mepụta CO₂, wdg;
Alumina arụ ọrụ: Mpaghara elu akọwapụtara bụ 200-500m²/g, ọkachasị mesopores, na nkesa nha pore bụ 2-50nm.A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na ihicha na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, acid n'efu gas dị ọcha, wdg.
