Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara nke ike ọkụ ụwa na-eri site na moto, ya mere a na-akpọ arụmọrụ dị elu nke moto nke kachasị dị irè iji dozie nsogbu ike ụwa.
N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, ọ na-ezo aka na ngbanwe nke ike nke ugbu a na-asọba na oghere magnetik na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ rotary, na n'ụzọ sara mbara, ọ gụnyekwara ime ihe n'ahịrị.Dị ka ụdị ọkọnọ ike nke moto na-ebugharị, enwere ike kewaa ya na moto DC na moto AC.Dịka ụkpụrụ nke ntụgharị moto si dị, enwere ike kewaa ya n'ụdị ndị a.(ma ewezuga moto pụrụ iche)
AC AC moto brushed moto: A na-akpọkarị moto brushed moto DC.A na-akpọtụrụ electrode a na-akpọ "brush" (akụkụ stator) na "commutator" (akụkụ armature) ka ọ gbanwee ugbu a, si otú ahụ na-eme ihe ntụgharị.moto DC na-enweghị brush: Ọ chọghị brushes na commutators, mana ọ na-eji ọrụ mgbanwe dị ka transistors iji gbanwee ugbu a ma rụọ ntụgharị.Stepper moto: Nke a moto na-arụ ọrụ synchronously na pulse ike, otú a na-akpọ ya pulse moto.Ihe e ji mara ya bụ na ọ ga-adị mfe ịghọta ọrụ nhazi nke ziri ezi.Asynchronous moto: Alternating current na-eme ka stator mepụta oghere magnetik na-atụgharị, nke na-eme ka rotor mepụta ugbu a na-emegharị ma na-atụgharị n'okpuru mmekọrịta ya.AC (alternating current) moto Synchronous moto: alternating current na-emepụta oghere ndọta na-atụgharị, na rotor nwere ogwe ndọta na-atụgharị n'ihi mmasị.A na-emekọrịta ọnụego ntụgharị na ugboro ike.
Na nke ugbu a, oghere magnetik na ike Nke mbụ, iji mee ka nkọwa nke ụkpụrụ moto dị mfe, ka anyị nyochaa iwu / iwu ndị bụ isi banyere ugbu a, oghere magnetik na ike.Ọ bụ ezie na enwere mmetụta nke nostalgia, ọ dị mfe ichefu ihe ọmụma a ma ọ bụrụ na ị naghị eji ihe ndọta eme ihe mgbe mgbe.
Kedu ka moto si agbagharị?1) moto na-atụgharị site n'enyemaka nke magnet na ike magnetik.Gburugburu magnet na-adịgide adịgide nke nwere ogwe na-atụgharị, ① na-atụgharị magnet (iji mepụta oghere magnetik), ② dị ka ụkpụrụ dị iche iche nke ogwe N na ogwe S na-adọta na otu ọkwa ahụ, ③ magnet na a aro na-atụgharị ga-atụgharị.
Ihe na-eru ugbu a na waya na-eme ka oghere magnetik na-atụgharị (ike magnetik) gburugburu ya, nke mere na magnet na-atụgharị, nke bụ n'ezie otu ọnọdụ ọrụ dị ka nke a.
Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, mgbe eriri ahụ merụrụ n'ime eriri igwe, a na-ejikọta ike magnetik, na-eme ka nnukwu ikuku magnetik (magnetic flux), na-ebute N-pole na S-pole.Na mgbakwunye, site n'itinye eriri igwe n'ime onye na-eduzi eriri igwe, eriri ndọta na-adị mfe ịgafe ma nwee ike ịmepụta ike ndọta siri ike.2) Moto na-agbagharị agbagharị n'ezie N'ebe a, dị ka usoro bara uru nke igwe eletriki na-atụgharị, a na-ewebata usoro nke imepụta oghere ndọta site na iji AC na eriri atọ.(Atọ-phase AC bụ AC mgbama na a frasi etiti oge nke 120.) The coils merụrụ gburugburu ígwè isi na-ekewa atọ nkebi, na U-phase coils, V-phase coils na W-phase coils na-ahaziri na etiti oge. 120. Mkpịsị mmiri nwere nnukwu voltaji na-emepụta ogwe N, eriri igwe nwere obere voltaji na-emepụta mkpanaka S.Usoro ọ bụla na-agbanwe dị ka sine ebili mmiri si dị, ya mere polarity (N pole, S pole) nke ọ bụla na-emepụta na oghere magnetik ya (ike ndọta) ga-agbanwe.N'oge a, naanị lelee eriri igwe na-emepụta ogwe N, ma gbanwee ha n'usoro nke eriri U-phase → V-phase coil → W-phase coil → U-phase coil, si otú a na-atụgharị.Ọdịdị nke obere moto Foto a na-egosi usoro izugbe na ntụnyere nke moto steepụ, moto DC brushed na moto DC enweghị brush.Ihe ndị bụ isi nke moto ndị a na-abụkarị coils, magnets na rotors.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, n'ihi ụdị dị iche iche, a na-ekewa ha n'ime ụdị mkpuchi mkpuchi mkpuchi na ụdị magnet.
N'ebe a, a na-edozi magnetik nke brush DC moto n'èzí, na eriri igwe na-atụgharị n'ime.Ahịhịa na commutator bụ ọrụ maka ịnye ike na eriri igwe na ịgbanwe ụzọ dị ugbu a.N'ebe a, a na-edozi eriri igwe nke moto na-enweghị brush n'èzí na magnet na-atụgharị n'ime.N'ihi ụdị moto dị iche iche, usoro ha dị iche iche ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ihe ndị bụ isi bụ otu.A ga-akọwa ya n'ụzọ zuru ezu na akụkụ nke ọ bụla.moto a na-ehicha ahịhịa Structure of brush moto Ihe na-esonụ bụ ọdịdị nke moto DC a na-akpụ akpụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ihe nlereanya ahụ, yana ihe osise gbawara agbawa nke okporo osisi abụọ (magnets abụọ) nke nwere oghere atọ (coils atọ).Ikekwe ọtụtụ ndị nwere ahụmahụ nke ịgbasa moto na wepụ magnet.Enwere ike ịhụ na ndọta na-adịgide adịgide nke brush DC moto ka edobere, na eriri igwe nke ahịhịa DC moto nwere ike ịtụgharị gburugburu etiti dị n'ime.A na-akpọ akụkụ ahụ edoziri "stator" na akụkụ na-atụgharị na-akpọ "rotor".
Ụkpụrụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke moto brush ① Gbanwee elekere elekere site na steeti mbụ Coil A dị n'elu, na-ejikọ ike na ahịhịa, ka akụkụ aka ekpe bụrụ (+) na akụkụ aka nri bụrụ (-).Nnukwu ugbu a na-esi n'ahịhịa aka ekpe na-aga na eriri igwe A site na commutator.Nke a bụ usoro nke akụkụ elu (n'èzí) nke eriri A na-aghọ ogwe S.Ebe ọ bụ na 1/2 nke ihe dị ugbu a nke eriri A na-esi na brush aka ekpe gaa na eriri B na eriri C n'akụkụ nke ọzọ ruo eriri A, akụkụ mpụta nke eriri B na eriri C na-aghọ ogwe N na-adịghị ike (gosiri site na mkpụrụedemede nta dị na ọgụgụ).Ebe ndọta a na-emepụta n'ime eriri igwe ndị a na mkpasu iwe na mmasị nke magnet na-eme ka eriri igwe na-atụgharị na elekere elekere.② aga n'ihu na ntụgharị ihu elekere.Na-esote, a na-eche na brush ziri ezi na-akpakọrịta na ndị njem abụọ na steeti na eriri igwe A na-atụgharị na elekere 30 na elekere.Ihe dị ugbu a nke eriri igwe A na-aga n'ihu na-esi na ahịhịa ekpe gaa n'ahịhịa aka nri, akụkụ mpụta nke eriri igwe na-echekwa ogwe S.Otu ihe dị ugbu a dị ka eriri A na-esi na eriri igwe B, na mpụga nke eriri B na-aghọ N-pole siri ike.Ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ brushes na-eme ka nsọtụ abụọ nke coil C dị mkpụmkpụ, ọ nweghị ihe na-eru ugbu a na ọ nweghị oghere magnetik emepụtara.Ọbụlagodi na nke a, a ga-edobe ya na ike nke ntụgharị ihu elekere.Site na ③ ruo ④, eriri elu na-aga n'ihu na-enweta ike na-aga n'aka ekpe, na obere eriri igwe na-aga n'ihu na-enweta ike na-aga n'aka nri, ma na-aga n'ihu na-atụgharị na elekere elekere.Mgbe eriri igwe na-atụgharị gaa na ③ na ④ ọ bụla ogo 30, mgbe eriri igwe dị n'elu etiti etiti kwụ ọtọ, akụkụ mpụta nke eriri ahụ na-aghọ S pole;Mgbe eriri igwe dị n'okpuru, ọ na-aghọ N pole, na mmegharị a na-emegharị ugboro ugboro.N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, a na-agbanye eriri elu nke elu ugboro ugboro na ike na-aga n'aka ekpe, a na-agbanyekwa eriri ala ala ugboro ugboro na ike na-aga n'aka nri (ha abụọ n'akụkụ elekere).Nke a na-eme ka rotor na-atụgharị mgbe niile na elekere elekere.Ọ bụrụ na ejikọrọ ọkụ eletrik na ahịhịa aka ekpe nke ọzọ (-) na ahịhịa aka nri (+), a ga-emepụta oghere magnetik nke nwere ntụzịaka dị iche na eriri igwe, ya mere ntụzịaka nke ike etinyere na eriri igwe na-adịkwa iche, na-atụgharị na elekere elekere. .Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, mgbe a kwụsịrị ike ọkụ, rotor nke moto brush ga-akwụsị ịgbagharị n'ihi na ọ dịghị oghere magnetik iji mee ka ọ na-atụgharị.moto na-enweghị ebili mmiri nke agba atọ dị n'ihu na nhazi nke moto na-enweghị ebili mmiri nke akụkụ atọ.
Eserese ihe owuwu dị n'ime yana sekit nke njikọ eriri igwe nke moto na-enweghị ebili mmiri nke atọ na-esote bụ schematic eserese nke ihe owuwu dị n'ime yana eserese sekit nke njikọ eriri igwe.Eserese nhazi nke ime bụ ihe atụ dị mfe nke moto 2-pole (2 magnet) 3-slot (3 coils).Ọ dị ka usoro moto ahịhịa nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke okporo osisi na oghere, mana a na-edozi akụkụ eriri igwe na magnet nwere ike ịtụgharị.N'ezie, ọ dịghị ahịhịa.N'okwu a, eriri igwe na-anabata usoro njikọ Y, na semiconductor element na-eji na-enye ugbu a na eriri igwe, na ntinye na ntinye nke ugbu a na-achịkwa dịka ọnọdụ magnet na-atụgharị.N'ọmụmaatụ a, a na-eji ihe Ụlọ Nzukọ na-achọpụta ọnọdụ magnet.A na-ahazi ihe mejupụtara Ụlọ Nzukọ n'etiti eriri igwe, wee chọpụta voltaji emepụtara dịka ike ndọta siri dị ma jiri ya dị ka ozi ọnọdụ.N'onyinyo nke FDD spindle moto nke enyere na mbụ, enwere ike ịhụ na enwere ihe mejupụtara Ụlọ Nzukọ (n'elu eriri igwe) n'etiti eriri igwe na eriri igwe iji chọpụta ọnọdụ ahụ.Ihe nrịbama ụlọ bụ ihe mmetụta magnetik amaara nke ọma.Enwere ike ịtụgharị ịdị ukwuu nke oghere ndọta n'ime oke voltaji, na ntụzịaka nke oghere ndọta nwere ike ịnọchite anya nke ọma na adịghị mma.
Ụkpụrụ na-atụgharị nke moto brushless nke na-agbagharị agbagharị nke okpukpu atọ zuru oke na-esote, a ga-akọwa ụkpụrụ ntụgharị nke moto na-enweghị brush dị ka usoro ① ~ ⑥.Maka nghọta dị mfe, ndọta na-adịgide adịgide na-adị mfe site na okirikiri gaa na akụkụ anọ ebe a.① N'ime nkeji atọ, ka eriri 1 guzobe na elekere 12 nke elekere, eriri 2 ga-edozi n'elekere 4 nke elekere, na eriri 3 ga-edozi na 8 uzo elekere elekere.Ka ogwe N nke ndọta na-adịgide adịgide 2-pole dị n'aka ekpe na ogwe S dị n'aka nri, ọ nwere ike ịtụgharị.Io dị ugbu a na-abanye na eriri igwe 1 iji mepụta oghere magnetik S-pole na mpụga eriri igwe.Io/2 dị ugbu a na-esi na eriri igwe 2 na eriri igwe 3 na-emepụta oghere magnetik N-pole na mpụga eriri igwe.Mgbe oghere magnetik nke eriri igwe 2 na eriri igwe 3 bụ vector na-arụkọ ọrụ, a na-emepụta oghere magnetik N-pole gbadaa, nke ji okpukpu 0.5 nha nke oghere magnetik emepụtara mgbe Io dị ugbu a gafere n'otu eriri igwe, na mgbe agbakwunyere na magnetik. ubi nke eriri igwe 1, ọ na-aghọ 1.5 ugboro.Nke a ga-emepụta oghere magnetik mejupụtara nwere akụkụ 90 n'ihe metụtara magnet na-adịgide adịgide, yabụ enwere ike ịmepụta oke ike na magnet na-adịgide adịgide na-atụgharị na elekere.Mgbe nke ugbu a nke eriri igwe 2 na-ebelata ma ugbu a nke eriri 3 na-abawanye dịka ọnọdụ ntụgharị, ihe ndọta na-esi na ya pụta na-atụgharịkwa n'akụkụ elekere, na magnet na-adịgide adịgide na-agakwa n'ihu na-atụgharị.② Mgbe a na-atụgharị site na ogo 30, Io dị ugbu a na-abanye n'ime eriri 1, nke mere na ihe dị ugbu a na eriri 2 bụ efu, na Io dị ugbu a na-esi na eriri ahụ pụta 3. N'akụkụ mpụta nke eriri 1 na-aghọ S pole. na akụkụ mpụta nke eriri igwe 3 na-aghọ ogwe N.Mgbe ejikọtara vectors, oghere magnetik emepụtara bụ oge √3 (≈1.72) nke na-eme mgbe Io dị ugbu a gafere na eriri igwe.Nke a ga-arụpụtakwa oghere ndọta n'akụkụ 90 n'ihe gbasara oghere ndọta nke magnet na-adịgide adịgide, wee tụgharịa n'akụkụ elekere.Mgbe ntinye nke ugbu a Io nke eriri igwe 1 na-ebelata dị ka ọnọdụ ntụgharị, ntinye nke eriri igwe 2 na-abawanye site na efu, na mpụta nke eriri igwe 3 na-abawanye ruo Io, ihe ndọta na-esi na ya na-atụgharị na elekere elekere. na magnet na-adịgide adịgide na-aga n'ihu na-atụgharị.Na-eche na akụkụ ọ bụla nke ugbu a bụ sinusoidal, uru dị ugbu a bụ io × sin (π 3) = io × √ 32. Site na njikọ vector nke oghere magnetik, mkpokọta magnetik bụ (√ 32) 2 × 2 = 1.5 ugboro oghere ndọta nke igwe igwe na-emepụta.※.Mgbe akụkụ ọ bụla nke ugbu a bụ sine ife, n'agbanyeghị ebe magnet na-adịgide adịgide dị, ịdị ukwuu nke vector composite magnetik bụ ugboro 1.5 nke oghere magnetik mepụtara site na eriri igwe, na oghere ndọta na-etolite akụkụ ogo 90 n'ihe gbasara ya. oghere ndọta nke ndọta na-adịgide adịgide.③ N'ọnọdụ nke na-aga n'ihu na-atụgharị site na 30 degrees, Io / 2 dị ugbu a na-abanye n'ime eriri igwe 1, Io / 2 dị ugbu a na-abanye n'ime eriri igwe 2, na Io dị ugbu a na-esi na eriri igwe 3. N'akụkụ mpụta nke eriri igwe 1 na-aghọ S pole. , akụkụ mpụta nke eriri igwe 2 na-aghọ ogwe S, na akụkụ mpụta nke eriri igwe 3 na-aghọ ogwe N.Mgbe ejikọtara vectors, oghere magnetik emepụtara bụ ugboro 1.5 nke na-eme mgbe Io dị ugbu a na-agafe na eriri igwe (otu ihe ahụ dị ka ①).N'ebe a, a ga-emepụta oghere magnetik sịntetị nke nwere akụkụ nke ogo 90 n'akụkụ oghere magnetik nke magnet na-adịgide adịgide ma na-atụgharị n'akụkụ elekere.④～⑥ Tụgharịa n'otu ụzọ ahụ ① ~ ③.N'ụzọ dị otú a, ọ bụrụ na ihe dị ugbu a na-abanye n'ime eriri igwe na-aga n'ihu na-agbanwe dịka ọnọdụ nke magnet na-adịgide adịgide, magnet na-adịgide adịgide ga-atụgharị na ntụziaka edoziri.N'otu aka ahụ, ọ bụrụ na ihe dị ugbu a na-aga n'akụkụ nke ọzọ na mpaghara magnetik sịntetik na-atụgharị, ọ ga-atụgharị na elekere elekere.Ọnụ ọgụgụ na-esonụ na-egosi ugbu a nke eriri igwe ọ bụla na nzọụkwụ ọ bụla site na ① ruo ⑥.Site na mmeghe nke dị n'elu, anyị kwesịrị inwe ike ịghọta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mgbanwe ugbu a na ntụgharị.stepmotor Stepping moto bụ ụdị moto nke nwere ike ijikwa mgbama pulse jikwaa akụkụ ntụgharị na ọsọ n'ụzọ ziri ezi.A na-akpọkwa moto steepụ “moto pulse”.A na-eji moto steepụ eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na akụrụngwa chọrọ ọnọdụ n'ihi na ọ nwere ike ịghọta ọnọdụ ziri ezi naanị site na njikwa oghere na-enweghị iji ihe mmetụta ọnọdụ.Nhazi nke moto steepụ (bipolar nke okpukpu abụọ) N'ihe atụ nke ọdịdị, a na-enye ọdịdị nke HB (ngwakọ) na PM (magnet na-adịgide adịgide).Eserese ihe owuwu dị n'etiti na-egosikwa nhazi nke HB na PM.Stepper moto bụ ihe owuwu nwere eriri igwe kwụ ọtọ yana ndọta na-adịgide adịgide.Eserese echiche nke usoro ime nke steepụ moto n'aka nri bụ ihe atụ nke moto PM na-eji eriri agba abụọ (otu abụọ).N'ime ihe atụ nhazi ntọala nke moto steepụ, a na-ahazi eriri igwe n'èzí ma na-ahazi magnet na-adịgide adịgide n'ime.Na mgbakwunye na nkebi abụọ, enwere ọtụtụ ụdị mkpuchi mkpuchi nwere akụkụ atọ na nha ise nhata.Ụfọdụ moto na-arị elu nwere usoro ndị ọzọ dị iche iche, ma iji webata ụkpụrụ ọrụ ha, akwụkwọ a na-enye usoro nhazi nke nrịgo moto.Site na edemede a, enwere m olile anya ịghọta na moto na-arị elu na-anabata usoro nke ndozi eriri igwe na ntụgharị magnet na-adịgide adịgide.Ụkpụrụ ọrụ bụ isi nke steepụ moto (akpalite otu oge) Ihe ndị na-esonụ na-ewebata ụkpụrụ ọrụ bụ isi nke nzọ ụkwụ moto.① Ugbu a na-esi n'akụkụ aka ekpe nke eriri igwe 1 pụta site n'akụkụ aka nri nke eriri igwe 1. Ekwela ka ọ dị ugbu a na-asọba site na eriri igwe 2. N'oge a, n'ime eriri aka ekpe 1 na-aghọ N, na n'ime ya. eriri aka nri 1 na-aghọ S .. Ya mere, magnetik na-adịgide adịgide na-adọta site na magnetik nke eriri igwe 1, na-akwụsị na steeti aka ekpe S na akụkụ aka nri N.. ② Kwụsị ihe dị ugbu a na eriri igwe 1, nke mere na nke ugbu a na-esi n'akụkụ elu nke eriri igwe 2 na-asọpụta ma si n'akụkụ ala nke mkpuchi 2. N'ime ime nke elu 2 na-aghọ N na n'ime akụkụ nke obere eriri 2 na-aghọ S .. Ihe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide. ihe ndọta ndọta na-adọta ma kwụsị ịtụgharị 90 n'akụkụ elekere.③ Kwụsị ihe dị ugbu a na eriri igwe 2, nke mere na nke ugbu a na-esi n'akụkụ aka nri nke eriri igwe 1 na-esi n'akụkụ aka ekpe nke eriri igwe 1. N'ime eriri aka ekpe 1 na-aghọ S, na n'ime eriri nri 1. na-aghọ N. Ọdụdọ ndọta na-adịgide adịgide na-adọta site na oghere ndọta ya, ma na-atụgharị n'akụkụ elekere ka ogo 90 ọzọ kwụsị.④ Kwụsị ihe dị ugbu a na eriri igwe 1, nke mere na ugbu a na-esi n'akụkụ ala nke eriri 2 na-esi n'akụkụ elu nke eriri ahụ pụta 2. obere eriri igwe 2 na-aghọ N. Igwe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide na-adọta site na oghere magnetik ya, ma na-atụgharị n'akụkụ elekere ka ogo 90 ọzọ kwụsị.Enwere ike ịtụgharị moto nrịgo site na ịgbanye ugbu a na-agafe na eriri igwe n'usoro dị n'elu site na ① ruo ④ site na sekit eletrọnịkị.N'ihe atụ a, ihe ngbanwe ọ bụla ga-emegharị moto nkwụsị ụkwụ site na 90. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, mgbe ugbu a na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu site na otu eriri, ọ nwere ike idobe ọnọdụ nkwụsị ahụ ma mee ka moto nkwụsị ahụ nwee ike na-ejide ya.Site n'ụzọ, ọ bụrụ na nke ugbu a na-agafe na eriri igwe na-atụgharị, stepper moto nwere ike gbanwee n'akụkụ nke ọzọ.
